女性、友谊与共同体想象——论《威弗利》中的共同体书写

Female,Friendship and Community Imagination:On the Representation of Friendship in Waverley

后联盟时代的苏格兰作家沃尔特·司各特在其第一部苏格兰历史小说《威弗利》中借助女性参与友谊关系的书写,想象出英格兰-苏格兰合作共存的新友谊方案。苏格兰低地女性露丝以友谊-婚姻的形式参与到父亲布雷德沃丁男爵与英格兰青年爱德华·威弗利的友谊关系中,将基于关爱的男性友谊模式转变为基于共同利益的、更为稳固的政治友谊模式,其与威弗利最终缔结婚姻关系隐喻了司各特试图在新共同体中实现苏格兰与英格兰共治的政治理想;苏格兰高地女性弗洛娜以拒绝婚姻的形式参与到氏族首领弗格斯与威弗利的友谊关系中,将基于自然性情和自私的友谊模式转变为基于社会功利和共同情感的友谊模式,隐喻了司各特对一个公正的英格兰-苏格兰政治共同体的想象与设计。

In his first Scottish historical novel Waverley,Scottish writer Sir Walter Scott imagined the new mode of cooperative and co-existing friendship between England and Scotland in the Post-union era by allowing females’participation in the friendship.By partaking in the friendship between Baron Bradwardine the father and Edward Waverley the young English aristocrat in the way of friendship-marriage,Rose Bradwardine from the Scottish Lowland transformed the male-male friendship based on care into the one useful,common and more stable.Her marriage with Waverley indicates Scott’s political ideal of attempting to realize the collegiality between England and Scotland.By taking part in the friendship between the clan chieftain Fergus Mac Ivor and Waverley in the way of refusing a marriage proposal,Flora Mac Ivor from the Scottish Highland transformed the friendship based on natural affection and selfishness into the one based on social utility and common feeling.It reflects Scott’s imagination and design of a just English-Scottish political community.