洪涝适应性景观设计的原则与策略

Principles and strategies of flood-adaptive landscape design

为应对全球城市共同面临的洪涝灾害问题,结合洪涝适应性概念,对荷兰瓦尔河改造项目和新加坡碧山宏茂桥公园2个成功案例展开分析,提出洪涝适应性景观设计的对策。通过案例分析与文献阅读,提炼出生态系统多样化、自然优先、适应性转变和多尺度建设的洪涝适应性设计原则。进而归纳出生态系统划分、景观功能转变、生物对洪涝过程的适应、让步、疏导与净化模式等四点设计策略。为发挥人与自然的互动,重塑河流生态,通过城市滨河景观设计留出行洪空间,积极应对灾害,减少损失。

In order to cope with the common flood disaster problems faced by cities around the world,this research combines the concept of flood adaptability to analyze two successful cases of the Waal River Reconstruction Project in Holland and Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park in Singapore,and proposes countermeasures for flood adaptive landscape design.Through case analysis and literature reading,the design principles of flood and waterlogging adaptability for ecosystem diversification,natural priority,adaptive transformation and multi-scale construction are refined.Furthermore,we sum up four design strategies,including ecosystem division,landscape function transformation,biological adaptation to the flood process,concessions,diversion and purification models.Such design can give play to the interaction between man and nature,and to reshape the river ecology.The riverside landscape design of the city leaves room for flood discharge,thus to actively respond to disasters and mitigate losses.