儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停相关认知障碍的研究现状、问题与展望

Cognitive and behavioral dysfunction related to obstructive sleep apnea in children: current status, problems, and prospects

近年来儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)发病率呈逐年上升趋势,由于儿童正处于生长发育期,OSA所致的睡眠碎片化和间歇性低氧血症将严重损害神经认知功能等,对儿童的健康成长造成极大的危害。儿童OSA在发病原因、诊断标准及相关检查等方面与成人相比差异较大,其对认知功能的影响更是存在一定争议。因此,论文通过对近年儿童OSA及其认知功能影响的相关性研究进行回顾,并对其未来发展趋势做出展望。

In recent years, the incidence of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) in children has been progressively increasing. As children are in their growth and development stage, sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxemia caused by OSA can seriously damage their neurocognitive abilities, as well as disrupt their healthy growth. OSA in children markedly differs from that in adults in terms of cause, diagnostic criteria, and related examinations. Furthermore, its influence on cognitive and behavioral functions is still controversial. Reviewing the relevant literature, the author summarizes the correlation between OSA in children and their cognitive functions, and addresses future developmental trends.