民国时期徽州乡村医者的医事活动、行医范围与日常生活——以《民国婺源医家日记》为中心

Medical Activities,Practice Scope and Daily Life of a Rural Doctor in Huizhou during the Period of the Republic of China:A Case Study of Wuyuan Doctor’s Diary in Republic of China

新见《民国婺源医家日记》提供了一位婺源乡村医生在20世纪20年代末的日常生活轨迹。通过对《日记》的细致研读,发现乡村医生的行医范围基本局限于长轴约20km、短轴约10km的椭圆形区域内,而核心区域则为长轴约12km、短轴约7km的小椭圆。乡村医者诊治项目多,具有丰富的医疗经验,其日常生活除行医诊病,还多有读书、吃茶、看戏等娱乐活动,所涉范围亦局限在医者家乡周边。《日记》展示的乡村医者行医圈比较狭小,但通过比对,可以发现其与婚姻圈、市场圈、交友圈均有重合。即便到了民国中叶,乡村医者的行医轨迹大多仍然遵循传统脉络,人情、道义在行医过程中扮演了重要角色,其虽受一定的现代医学知识影响,但始终未能形成专业化、职业化的行医模式。

The newly published diary of a Wuyuan doctor provides his daily life track in the late 1920s.Through careful study of diary,the paper find that the practice scope of the rural doctor was basically limited to the oval area with a long axis of about 20 km and a short axis of about 10 km,while the core area was a small ellipse with a long axis of about 12 km and a short axis of about 7 km.This rural doctor had many projects of diagnosis,treatment and rich medical experience.In addition to practicing medicine,he also had many recreational activities,such as reading,drinking tea,going to the theater,but the scope involved was limited to the surrounding areas of his hometown.The practice circle of rural doctors shown in diary was relatively narrow,however,through comparison,we can find that it overlaps with marriage circle,market circle and sacrifice circle.Even in the middle of the Republic of China,most of the rural doctors still followed the traditional path of medical practice,in which human relationship and morality played an important role.Even with the influence of modern medical knowledge,they failed to form a professional medical practice mode.