“南海Ⅰ号”南宋沉船出水瓷器阿拉伯文墨书题记考释

The Porcelains with Arabic Inscriptions Excavated from the “Nanhai Ⅰ” Shipwreck

南宋沉船"南海Ⅰ号"出水了大量带有墨书的瓷器,其中有7件为阿拉伯语题写,内容主要为所有者姓名及真主赞词。同时,根据其他船载文物以及动物遗存所反映出来的阿拉伯、伊斯兰特性,综合表明船上活跃着一个阿拉伯人群体。此外,通过对墨书上的阿拉伯文姓名传统以及赞词的书体及语法规范进行分析,初步可以认为船上阿拉伯人可能与埃及阿尤布王朝存在着较为紧密的联系。研究还发现,该阿拉伯人群体应为泛海客商而非船员,同时又可再细分为居于船艏、艉楼的两小群体,其中前者的生活环境优于后者,显示出船上人群的财富等级差异。以上发现,对研究"南海Ⅰ号"的终点港、宋代的远洋贸易路线以及中埃之间的交往关系,具有重要参考价值。

A large number of porcelain vessels with inscriptions were excavated from the Southern Song shipwreck"NanhaiⅠ",among which seven were inscribed in Arabic,mainly with the name of the owner and the praise of Allah.Meanwhile,according to the Arab and Islamic characteristics presented by other shipboard artifacts and faunal remains,it is believed that an Arab group of people was active on the ship.In addition,by analyzing the Arabic name traditions and the script and grammatical rules of the hymns,it can be tentatively concluded that the shipboard Arabs may have had a close connection with the Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt.The study also found that these Arabs were merchants rather than crew members and could be further divided into two small groups:those living on the bow and those living on the stern;the former had a better living environment than the latter,showing the difference in wealth class of the people on board.The above findings have important values for the study of the destination port of the"NanhaiⅠ",the ocean trade routes of the Song dynasty,and the relationship between China and Egypt at the time.