传统木结构建筑斗栱力学性能研究进展

Research progress on mechanical properties of bracket set of traditional timber structures

斗栱是我国传统殿堂型木结构建筑的重要结构部件,代表了我国传统建筑文化,体现了我国传统建造技艺的精髓。本文从斗栱竖向承载、水平承载、铺作层抗震和斗栱有限元分析4个方面,对斗栱力学性能的研究现状进行系统的回顾和总结。首先,介绍不同时期、不同类型斗栱的竖向和水平加载试验研究,总结试验研究中的参数变化和相应的破坏形态。其次,归纳现有基于试验研究提出的斗栱竖向力学模型和水平恢复力模型,综述铺作层抗震性能试验和减震、隔震机制。再次,概述斗栱精细化有限元分析中材料非线性本构的定义方式,介绍斗栱的精细化有限元分析方法和在整体建筑分析中的简化模拟方法。最后,通过对斗栱试验研究、理论分析和有限元模拟的全面梳理,提出斗栱基于力学特征的分类、多参数统一恢复力模型的建立、有限元的精细化模拟、简化模型的应用等可行的研究方向,以期为斗栱后续研究提供新的思路。

Bracket set is an important structural component of Chinese traditional timber-frame architecture,which represents the characteristics of Chinese traditional architectural culture and embodies the essence of Chinese traditional construction skills.In this paper,systematical review and summary are conducted to the research on its mechanical properties from four aspects:vertical bearing capacity,horizontal bearing capacity,seismic resistance and bracket set finite element analysis.Firstly,the experimental research of vertical and horizontal loading on bracket set of different types and in different periods is introduced,and the parameter changes and corresponding failure modes is summarized.Secondly,the vertical mechanics model and horizontal restoring force model based on experimental research are proposed,and the summary of the research on seismic performance test and shock absorption mechanism is conducted.Then,the finite element analysis method and the simplified simulation method are introduced by defining the nonlinear constitutive relationship in finite element analysis.Finally,feasible research areas are put forward,such as the classification method based on mechanical characteristics,the establishment of multi-parameter unified restoring force model,the fine simulation of finite element and the application of simplified model and so on,providing new ways for continuing research for bracket set.