西瓜种质资源鉴定评价及其DNA指纹图谱构建

Evaluation of Watermelon Germplasms and Construction of DNA Fingerprints

本研究对上海市农业科学院园艺研究所西瓜育种团队创制的16份西瓜新种质的主要农艺性状及其抗枯萎病性进行了鉴定评价。结果表明,16份西瓜种质资源均表现较强的耐低温弱光性,其中,WBY-1-1、WBY-2-3、WYY-3-2和WBY-2-1等属于特早熟高品质黄瓤小果型西瓜新种质;WJ-80-1、W15-7-11和W16-1-7等属于早熟高品质红瓤中果型西瓜新种质,其余9份都属于中晚熟优质红瓤大果型西瓜新种质。抗病性鉴定结果,V13-9-3、V13-9-7、W958-3-6、W98-3-6及W98-1-4等5份种质表现苗期和成株期高抗西瓜枯萎病,W968-1、W968-2、W99-1-3及W958-3-1等4份种质表现苗期中抗枯萎病,成株期高抗枯萎病,其它7份种质苗期及成株期均表现感病。同时,利用16对西瓜核心SSR荧光标记引物,采用毛细管电泳,构建了16份种质资源的DNA指纹图谱,为新种质的开发应用及保护提供了可靠的物质和技术支撑。

In this study,the main agronomic characters and resistance to Fusarium wilt of 16 new watermelon germplasms were evaluated,which were bred by the Watermelon-breeding Team of Horticultural Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The results showed that the 16 watermelon new germplasms all showed strong tolerance to low temperature and low light.WBY-1-1,WBY-2-3,WYY-3-2 and WBY-2-1 were small-fruittype watermelon germplasms with special early maturity,high quality and yellow flesh.WJ-80-1,W15-7-11 and W16-1-7 were medium-fruit-type watermelon germplasms with early maturing,high quality and red flesh.And the other 9 germplasms were large-fruit-type with middle-late maturity,good quality and red flesh.The results of disease resistance detection showed that the 5 germplasms of V13-9-3,V13-9-7,W958-3-6,W98-3-6 and W98-1-4 were high-resistant to Fusarium wilt both at seedling stage and adult stage,and the 4 germplasms of W968-1,W968-2,W99-1-3 and W958-3-1 were moderately resistant to Fusarium wilt at seedling stage,and high resistant at adult stage,while the other 7 germplasms were susceptible to Fusarium wilt both at seedling stage and adult stage.Moreover,16 pairs of SSR primers with fluorescence labeling were used to construct DNA fingerprints of the 16 watermelon germplasms by capillary electrophoresis,which provided reliable technical support for the application and protection of new watermelon germplasms.