沸石、鸡粪对番茄生长及土壤养分变化研究

Effects of Zeolite and Chicken Manure on Tomato Growth and Soil Nutrient Changes

沸石和鸡粪添加可有效改善土壤理化性质及养分状况,为作物提供适宜的生长环境。该研究选择沸石、鸡粪等作为改良土壤的功能性材料,为土层贫瘠地区筛选土体改良材料,提升耕地质量提供依据。在前期研究基础上选取占黄土不同质量配比(5%、10%、20%)的沸石(A1、A2、A3)、鸡粪(B1、B2、B3)及其混合物(1∶1配比,C1、C2、C3)添加到土壤中,通过分析番茄株高、SPAD及鲜重,土壤上层(0~5 cm)和下层(5~15cm)p H、有效磷、速效钾和有机质变化进行研究。结果表明,相较CK(黄土),A、B、C处理番茄在各生长期内株高、SPAD及鲜重均有所增长,且随添加比例增加三者平均涨幅为CKA>B>C;有效磷和速效钾均有所上升,变化趋势均为CK<A<C<B,且各处理随添加比例增加养分增大,B3(鸡粪20%)提升效果最显著;B、C处理土壤上、下层有机质含量均随添加比例增加所上升,而A处理上下层土壤有机质变化不显著,且随比例增加有机质有所下降。综上,鸡粪添加比例介于10%〜20%时,有利于番茄生长及土壤养分的提升与持留。研究成果对于土层贫瘠地区耕地质量提升及农业废弃物资源化利用具有参考意义。

The addition of zeolite and chicken manure can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient status,and provide a suitable growth environment for crops.In this study,zeolite,chicken manure,etc.were selected as functional materials for soil improvement,to provide a basis for screening soil improvement materials in poor soil areas and improving the quality of cultivated land.On the basis of previous research,zeolite(A1,A2,A3),chicken manure(B1,B2,B3)and their mixture(1∶1 ratio)(C1,C2,C3)with different mass ratios(5%,10%,20%)of loess were selected to add into the soil,and the changes of tomato plant height,SPAD and fresh weight with growth cycles,soil p H,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter in upper layer(0~5 cm)and lower layer(5~15 cm)at different treatments were analyzed.The results showed that compared with CK(loess),the plant height,SPAD and fresh weight of tomatoes treated with A,B,and C increased during each growth period,and the average increase of the three was CK<A<C<B.When the amount of chicken manure is the same,adding the same amount of zeolite would inhibit the tomato growth;while when the amount of zeolite is the same,adding the same amount of chicken manure would promote the tomato growth,and adding 10%~20% chicken manure is most conducive to tomato growth.Compared with CK,the pH of the upper layer(0~5 cm)and the lower layer(5~15 cm)of the soil decreased after adding,followed by CK>A>B>C;both available phosphorus and available potassium increased,and the trend of change was both CK<A<C<B,and the nutrient content of each treatment increased with the increase of the addition ratio,and the effect of B3(chicken manure 20%)was the most significant;the organic matter content of the upper and lower soil layers of B and C treatments increased with the increase of the addition ratio.The soil organic matter in the upper and lower layers of treatment A did not change significantly,and the organic matter decreased as the proportion increased.In summary,when the proportion of chicken manure added is between 10%~20%,it is conducive to tomato growth and the improvement and retention of soil nutrients.The research results are of reference significance to the quality improvement in poor soil areas and the resource utilization of agricultural waste.