旋转地震学的研究进展

Progress in Rotational Seismology

系统调研了地震波旋转运动的理论研究、仪器研制、实际观测和应用,总结了地震波旋转运动的研究成果.首先介绍了旋转分量的定义及间接地通过平动分量求取旋转分量的方法,以及从不同应用角度对旋转分量展开的研究;其次介绍了旋转地震仪的分类及其原理,对比了不同类型旋转地震仪的优缺点及其目前可以达到的技术参数指标;最后讨论了旋转分量观测及其在天然地震以及勘探地震中的应用,包括建筑工程领域的尝试.调研发现国内外旋转运动的研究差距较大,国内仍处于探索阶段.其中,不同震源与介质类型所产生的各种地震波在旋转分量上的特征差异一直是领域关注的焦点;如何制造高精度、高灵敏度、宽频带的旋转地震仪是国外同行攻关的热点;如何在地震学及相关工程中应用旋转分量,联合平动分量反演地下介质精细结构和震源性质的新特性参数是旋转运动学发展的重点.

Based on the extensive investigation of rotational motion with its theory, seismometers, practical observations and their engineering applications, the researches and developments on rotational motion are summarized. The definition of the rotational component and the method of calculating the rotational component indirectly through the translational component are introduced in detail. On the basis of introducing some real observations of the rotational motions, in this paper it focuses on the classification of rotational seismograph with its respective principle, advantages and disadvantages. Also, the examples of rotational-component observation are presented. Moreover, the applications of rotational components in natural earthquake and exploration seismology are discussed. Our investigation demonstrates that the research of rotational motion is still in the experimental and initial stage,especially in China, and that the difference of seismic wave fields under different sources and different media should be the hotspots of the field research. And the development trend is to manufacture equipment with high precision and sensitivity with wider frequency band. The superiorities of the six-component observations need to be elaborated to reverse the fine structure of underground medium and earthquake sources in seismology and engineering through jointly utilizing of the rotational and translational components.