“理想与现实”的张力与破解--列宁社会主义建设的探索及启示

The Tension Between "Ideal and Reality" and Its Solution:Lenin’s Exploration of Socialist Construction and Its Enlightenment

社会理想是人类对更美好社会制度的向往。自人类社会产生以来,美好社会理想就一直伴随着人类历史。社会主义理想是在资本主义生产方式出现以后,人类设想的超越、替代资本主义的美好未来社会。马克思恩格斯的理论创造性实现了社会主义由空想到科学的发展。列宁领导的十月革命首次成功把社会主义理想变为现实,开启了人类历史社会主义的新纪元。列宁的探索破解了理想与现实的一般张力,更破解了先进社会理想与俄罗斯落后现实的特殊张力,这不仅开辟了落后国家走向社会主义的道路,更是人类历史走向社会主义的道路探索,具有划时代的意义。苏联模式的失败,不是社会主义的失败,也不是列宁社会主义探索的失败,而是背离了社会主义原则、背离了列宁探索的正确道路的恶果。

Social ideal is human’s yearning for a better social system.Since the emergence of human society,human history has been accompanied by the ideal of a better society.The socialist ideal is a bright future society that surpasses and replaces capitalism as envisioned by mankind after the appearance of capitalist mode of production.The theory of Marx and Engels creatively realized the development of socialism from Utopia to science.The October Revolution led by Lenin successfully turned the socialist ideal into reality for the first time,and opened a new era of socialism in the human history.Lenin’s exploration has broken the general tension between ideal and reality,and the special tension between the ideal of advanced social ideal and the backward reality of Russia.This not only opened up the road for backward countries to move towards socialism,but also explored the road for human history to move towards socialism,which has epoch-making significance.The failure of the Soviet model is not the failure of socialism,nor the failure of Lenin’s socialist exploration,but the evil result of departing from the socialist principles and the correct road explored by Lenin.