汉魏王侯墓随葬度量衡器浅论

On the Weights and Measurements from the Marquis Tombs of the Han and Wei Period

一些两汉曹魏墓葬中随葬有度量衡器,其中不少王侯墓出土度量衡器不止1件,且多无使用痕迹,与出于平民墓葬者性质有别,需另予解释。通过对两汉曹魏随葬度量衡器的王侯墓葬的梳理,可以发现四个现象:一些王侯墓随葬成组未使用的度量衡器;一些王侯夫人墓葬中也出土度量衡器;度量衡器集中出土;没有发现随葬度量衡器的东汉王侯墓葬,但曹魏时期的曹休墓中重新出现铜权。本文认为两汉曹魏王侯墓出土度量衡器并非普通的日用器物,而主要是象征物品,不仅象征着封邦建国,还象征了相应的职司部门。曹休墓的铜权很可能是作为新爵位体系的标志品。

Weights and measuring instruments have been unearthed from some of the Cao-and-Wei tombs in the Han Dynasty.Burials of the kings and marquises then normally had more than one weight and measuring instrument,most of which had not been used.They are different from the civilian tombs and should be explained separately.A systematic investigation reveals four phenomena:brand new weights and measures were buried in group in some of the marquises tombs;weights and measures were also unearthed from some tombs of marquise’s wives;weights and measures were deposited in a concentrated manner;no weights and measures have come to light in the marquise tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty,while copper weight quan reappeared in the tomb of CAO Xiu during the Cao and Wei period.The author argues that those instruments should not be daily objects,but of symbolic value.They should have symbolized the establishment of a feudal state,and the related bureaucratic department.The copper quan of CAO Xiu’s tomb could have been a symbol of a new title system.