2009—2019年泰安市百日咳报告病例流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics for reported cases of pertussis from 2009 to 2019 in Tai’an City

目的分析2009—2019年泰安市百日咳(pertussis)报告病例流行病学特征,为制定泰安市百日咳预防控制策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对泰安市11年百日咳报告病例疫情数据进行汇总和流行病学分析。结果泰安市共报告百日咳病例2 978例,无死亡病例。2017年以来百日咳报告发病呈现持续上升态势,2019年报告发病率达到19.68/10万,是实施扩大免疫规划(expanded program immunization, EPI)百日咳报告发病率的新高。所辖6县市区报告病例,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=93.79、P=1.07×10^(-18),P<0.05)。新泰市报告病例最多,有787例,占26.43%;岱岳区报告发病率最高,为6.18/10万。5—9月报告病例多,呈现夏秋季节高峰。百日咳报告病例男女性别比为1.17∶1,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.97、P=0.0258,P<0.05)。以散居儿童报告病例最多,占81.03%。年龄集中在0~5岁人群,以1岁以下婴幼儿高发。适龄儿童百白破三联疫苗接种率在95%以上。结论 2009—2019年泰安市百日咳报告发病数逐年增加,婴幼儿和散居儿童是高发人群。应加强更安全、有效的百日咳疫苗的研制,同时探索完善百日咳免疫策略,以遏制百日咳发病上升趋势。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics for reported cases of pertussis from 2009 to 2019 in Tai’an city and to provide a scientific basis in prevention and control of the disease. Methods The data of pertussis cases was summarized and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 2 978 pertussis cases were reported from 2009 to 2019 in Tai’an city, with no deaths. The lowest incidence was reported in 2009(4 cases, 0.07/100 000) and the highest incidence in 2019(1 101 cases, 19.68/100 000), due to the implementation of the EPI. The differences in 6 counties were statistically significant(χ^(2)=93.79, P=1.07×10^(-18), P<0.05). The most cases were reported in Xintai(787 cases, 26.43%), and the highest annual reported incidence was in Daiyue(651 cases, 6.18/100 000). Most cases were reported from May to September, presenting a peak in summer and autumn. The largest cases were reported in scattered children, accounting for 81.03%. Among them, 84.62% of pertussis cases were mainly in children between 0 and 5 years old, and the highest incidence was in infants under 1 year old. The male-to-female ratio was about 1.17∶1, the difference had a statistical significance(χ^(2)=4.97、P=0.0258, P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of pertussis was increased from 2009 to 2019. Infants and scattered children were at high risk. It suggested that we should strengthen the development of more secure and effective pertussis vaccine and explore the improvement of pertussis immunization strategy to control the rising trend of pertussis.