西安市2015—2019年鼠密度监测结果

Surveillance results of rodent density in Xi’an, 2015-2019

目的掌握西安市鼠种构成、鼠密度及季节消长趋势等情况,为制定防鼠灭鼠措施提供科学依据。方法 2015—2019年按照西安市地理方位东、南、西、北共选择4个区(县),每个区(县)选择城镇居民区、农村自然村和食品餐饮业共5个监测点,奇数月中旬采用夹夜法监测,以生花生米为诱饵,晚放晨收。鉴定鼠种并计算鼠密度,采用χ2检验对5年间鼠类种群构成和不同生境鼠类种群构成进行统计学分析。结果共捕获4类鼠495只,平均鼠密度为0.39%,2016年鼠密度最低,为0.27%,2018年鼠密度最高,为0.58%。鼠密度季节消长呈不明显的双峰型,小高峰和大高峰分别出现在1月和7月,鼠密度分别为0.44%和0.46%,11月鼠密度最低,为0.32%。农村自然村鼠密度最高,为0.84%,城镇居民区鼠密度最低,为0.23%。不同生境小家鼠(M. musculus)的构成比最高,鼠种构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。城镇居民区鼠密度季节消长变化趋势平稳,农村自然村呈双峰趋势,食品餐饮行业呈单峰趋势。小家鼠(M. musculus)在不同鼠种中季节消长趋势明显,1月、7月和9月为高峰期。结论 2015—2019年西安市鼠密度呈现先上升后下降的趋势;不同年份、不同生境、不同鼠种鼠密度有差异。建议以农村为工作重心制定不同生境的防鼠灭鼠措施,以达到减少鼠类传染病的目的。

Objective To investigate the species composition,density,and seasonal variation of rodents in Xi’an,and we provide a scientific basis for the formulation of rodent control measures.Methods Five surveillance sites were chosen from urban residential areas,natural villages,and the catering industry within each of the four districts/counties selected according to their geographical location (east,south,west,and north) in Xi’an,2015-2019.Rodent surveillance was performed in the middle of each odd month using the trap-at-night method (i.e.,traps were laid at night and recovered at daystart).The rodent species were identified,and the density was calculated.The rodent species composition within five years in different habitats was analyzed with chi-square tests for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 495 rodents belonging to four different species were captured.The mean rodent density was 0.39%,with the lowest in 2016 (0.27%) and the highest in 2018 (0.58%).The rodent density had an unapparent bimodal seasonal variation,with a small peak in January (0.44%),a big peak in July (0.46%),and a trough in November (0.32%).As for habitats,natural villages had the highest rodent density (0.84%) and urban residential areas had the lowest (0.23%).Five different habitats all had M.musculus as their dominant rodent species,with significant differences in the species composition of rodents(P<0.001).The seasonal variation of rodent density was stable in urban residential areas,bimodal in natural villages,and unimodal in the catering industry.M.musculus showed a clear seasonal variation among different rodent species,with peaks observed in January,July and September.Conclusion From 2015 to2019,the rodent density in Xi’an appeared to be increasing at first and decreasing afterwards.There are differences in density,species,and seasonal variation in different years and habitats of rodents.In order to reduce the rodent-borne diseases,it is recommended to focus on rural areas and formulate rodent control measures for different living environments.