大黄产业链基原物种鉴定研究进展

Research progress in original species identification in industry chain of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma

大黄是传统常用中药材,市场需求较大,过度采挖使野生大黄几近濒危,市售大黄药材及饮片掺伪现象较严重。该文对近十年大黄产业链基原物种鉴定研究进行综述,展示其性状及显微鉴定特征,介绍以蒽醌类成分为主的理化分析和基于DNA条形码鉴定的研究成果,阐述大黄基原植物鉴定新突破。据此,总结大黄产业链基原物种鉴定技术路线,包括对大黄种子种苗进行DNA条形码鉴定保证源头正确、基于叶绿体基因组筛选高变位点来鉴定大黄基原植物、利用中药材二维DNA条形码监管体系对大黄药材及饮片来源进行监控、采用三代测序等新技术的中成药生物组分溯源体系等,将分子鉴定与传统鉴定方法联用,为大黄产业链基原物种鉴定研究提供新思路,对中药大黄安全性与有效性研究具有指导意义。

Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is a kind of commonly used Chinese medicinal materials.Due to the overharvesting,the wild resource is endangering.Large market demand caused severely adulterant of commercial Rhei Radix et Rhizoma medicinal materials and decoction pieces.This manuscript reviewed the advances of the original species authentication in the industrial chain of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma during the latest decade,including characteristics and microscopic features,phytochemical analysis on anthraquinones,and molecular authentication based on DNA barcoding.Accordingly,an original species authentication route for the industrial chain of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was summarized:(1)the identification of seeds and seedlings by DNA barcoding;(2)the selection of high variable sites based on the chloroplast genome;(3)biomonitoring of the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma medicinal materials and decoction pieces by two-dimensional DNA barcode;(4)traceability of Chinese patent medicines by third-generation sequencing.In conclusion,the combination of molecular identification and traditional identification methods provides a new idea for the identification of the original species of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in the industrial chain and a essential guidance for the research of drug safety and efficacy of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma.