“尬X”的构式特征及认知形成机制研究

The Characteristics and Cognitive Formation Mechanism of“Ga X”Construction

随着"尬X"族词在汉语中的广泛应用,"尬X"已然成为一个构式。形式特征上,"尬X"构式是由固定项"尬"与变项"X"所组成的半固定构式习语;句法特征上,"尬X"构式可作动宾结构或偏正结构,"尬"也可单独出现;语义特征上,"尬X"构式可表达两种含义:"比拼"和"尴尬";语用特征上,"尬X"的出现能为言语表达增添诙谐感。"尬X"构式的形成经历了多种认知过程,其中转喻、构式压制和词汇压制,以及社会文化因素的压制是三个主要方面。

With the widespread use of"Ga X"family words in Chinese,"Ga X"has become a construction in modern Chinese.Structurally,"Ga X"is a construction idiom consisting of the fixed term"Ga"and the variable"X";syntactically,"Ga X"can be used as verb-object structure or attributive structure,and"Ga"can also be used alone;semantically,the construction"Ga X"can represent two meanings:"compete"or"embarrassing";pragmatically,"Ga X"can add a sense of humor to verbal expression.The formation of"Ga X"construction has gone through a variety of cognitive processes,among which metonymy,constructional coercion and lexical coercion,as well as the coercion of sociocultural factors are three main aspects.