煤矿巷道支护与加固材料的发展及展望

Development and prospects of support and reinforcement materials for coal mine roadways

我国煤矿巷道支护与加固方法主要有4种形式,包括棚式支架、支柱、砌碹支护、喷射混凝土及巷道用液压支架等围岩表面支护型,锚杆与锚索围岩锚固型,注浆加固围岩改性型及联合控制型。系统介绍各种支护材料与构件的力学特性,注浆加固及充填材料的物理力学性能,分析其支护加固效果及适用条件。指出我国煤矿已形成了包括金属材料、非金属材料及复合材料的煤矿巷道支护加固材料体系,实现了从木材到金属的支护材料革命,被动支护到主动支护的技术革命,不仅显著提高了巷道围岩控制效果,而且降低了巷道维护成本,为煤矿实现安全、高效建设与生产提供了可靠的保障。最后,分析了支护加固材料与构件存在的问题,对其未来的发展进行了展望。

There are four types of roadway support and reinforcement methods in Chinese underground coal mines,including rock surface support type,such as framed support,props,masonry arch,shotcreting and hydraulic shield used in roadways;rock bolts and cables;rock modification with grouting,and combination of above-mentioned methods.The mechanical performances of the various support materials and components,and the physical and mechanical properties of grouting reinforcement and backfilling materials are systematically intro⁃duced,the support and reinforcement effects and their suitability are analyzed.It is pointed out that the system of roadway support and rein⁃forcement materials containing metal,nonmetal and composite materials for Chinese coal mines has been formed,the support material revo⁃lution from wood to steel,and technology revolution from passive to active supports have realized.The control effect of rock surrounding roadways has been obviously enhanced,and the roadway maintenance costs have been reduced,which provides reliable assurance for safe and high-efficient construction and production of coal mines.Finally,the existing issues associated with support and reinforcement materi⁃als and components are analyzed,the development prospects in future are put forward.