冲击地压巷道“卸-支”协同防控理念与实现路径

Idea and implementation of“stress relief-support reinforcement”cooperative control in rockburst roadway

针对煤层爆破卸压造成冲击地压巷道支护失效、大变形等问题,采用现场试验和研究分析的方法,揭示了爆破对巷道支护的损伤效应,提出了冲击地压巷道"爆破卸压-支护加固"协同防控理念原则及实现路径。结果表明:煤层爆破具有"增塑、降载、耗能"的卸压减冲作用,但也会产生"围岩劣化、支护衰减、结构失稳、巷道变形"等不利影响。坚持爆破卸压解危优先、巷道损伤最低的防控理念,"卸-支"辩证统一,协同双效。一旦爆破对支护造成过大损伤,需要进行补强支护,重塑稳定的巷道支护结构和承载能力。"卸-支"协同防控原则包括:归一原则、统筹原则、精准原则、有序原则。"卸-支"协同防控实现路径为:确定巷道冲击危险区域—煤层爆破卸压设计—爆破卸压施工与监测—爆破卸压效果及围岩损伤效应评价—爆破参数优化及巷道支护重塑。

Aiming at the problems of rockburst roadway support failure and large deformation caused by coal seam blasting,field tests and re⁃search analysis were used to reveal the damage effect of blasting on roadway support,and the cooperative control principle and implementation of“blasting stress relief-support reinforcement”for rockburst roadway were proposed.The results show that:coal seam blasting stress relief has the effects of“plasticizing,load reduction and energy consumption”,but it also has the adverse effects such as“surrounding rock deterio⁃ration,support attenuation,structural instability and roadway deformation”.Adhering to the prevention and control concept of blasting stress relief and minimizing roadway damage,dialectical unify of“relief-support”and synergistic double effects.Once the blasting causes excessive damage to the support,reinforcement support is needed to reshape the stable roadway support structure and bearing capacity.The collaborative control principles of“relief-support”include:the principle of unity,the principle of overall planning,the principle of precision,and the principle of order.The realization path of collaborative prevention and control of“relief-support”is as follows:determining the roadway impact risk area-coal seam blasting stress relief design-blasting stress relief construction and monitoring-blasting stress relief effect and surrounding rock dam⁃age effect evaluation-blasting parameter optimization and roadway support structure reconstruction.