高端装备大型零部件几何尺寸测量技术现状及趋势

Technological Development Trends of Geometric Dimension Measurements of Large Parts in the High-end Equipment

高端装备的大型零部件几何尺寸测量与控制是保证产品交付质量的基础,高端装备性能及产量的提升对几何尺寸测量提出了更高的精度与效率要求。本文结合大型零部件几何参数测量需求,介绍了大尺寸坐标测量、扫描测量、姿态测量、协同测量、组网测量、动态测量六种大尺寸测量技术的工作原理、典型仪器以及应用特点,分析了固定式测量系统和柔性测量系统两类专用大尺寸测量系统的构建方案、工作特点、适用场景,总结了大尺寸测量系统实验室校准、现场校准、现场核查的手段和方法,阐述了大型零部件几何尺寸测量技术大范围、高精度、高效率、自动化、智能化的综合发展趋势。

The geometry measurement and control of the geometric dimensions of large parts in the high-end equipment is the basis to ensure the quality of product delivery.The improvement of high-end equipment performance and productivity demands higher accuracy and efficiency for geometric dimension measurement.This paper introduces the working principles,typical instruments and application characteristics of six largescale measurement technologies,including coordinate measurement,scanning measurement,attitude measurement,collaborative measurement,networking measurement and dynamic measurement,based on the measurement requirements of large-scale parts.The construction scheme and working characteristics and applicable scenarios of two types of special large-scale measurement systems,fixed measurement system and flexible measurement system,are analyzed.Furthermore,this paper summarizes the means and methods of laboratory calibration,on-site calibration and on-site verification of large-scale measurement system,and expounds the comprehensive development trend of large-scale,high precision,high efficiency,automation and intelligence of geometric dimension measurement of large-scale parts.