月面可居住移动平台高能效比热泵系统研究

Study on High Energy Efficiency Ratio Heat Pump for Lunar Habitable Mobility Platform

自人类首次踏上月球到半个世纪以后的今天,载人登月又成为各个航天大国近期的主要目标之一。不同于传统的月球探测器,中、长期的载人登月任务中热控系统将面临更加严峻的考验,常规的热控技术手段已经无法满足高温环境下的大功率热排散需求,急需发展基于热泵的新一代热控技术。本文以月面可居住移动平台的任务约束和散热需求为背景,提出了采用热泵系统的设计目标和运行条件,并在此基础上通过理论分析,对比了常见的15种制冷工质和4种热力循环形式下系统能效比的差异,最终结合月面可居住移动平台的设计约束提出采用R134a工质的单级压缩热泵系统是最佳的选择,为将来载人登月工程应用提供了设计支撑。

For half a century,manned lunar landing has become one of the primary goals for the power country in spaceflight since humans first set foot on the moon.Unlike traditional lunar exploration missions,the thermal control system will face severe challenges in midium and long-term manned lunar landing mission.Conventional thermal control technology can no longer meet the demand for high-power heat rejection in high-temperature environments,and it is urgently needed develop a new generation heat-pump-based thermal control technology.Based on the task constraints and heat rejection requirements of the lunar habitable mobile platform,this paper proposes the design goals and operating conditions of the heat pump,and it compares the energy efficiency ratio(COP)of 15 common refrigerants and 4 thermal cycle forms through theoretical analysis,and finally it is proposed that the single-stage compression heat pump with R134a is the best choice,which provides design support for future manned lunar landing projects.