建国初期我国宪法形态的类型区分研究

The Types of Constitutional Forms in the Early Days of the People’s Republic of China

1949年9月召开的中国人民政治协商会议通过的《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》(以下简称《共同纲领》)《中华人民共和国中央人民政府组织法》(以下简称《中央人民政府组织法》)和《中国人民政治协商会议组织法》(以下简称《政协会议组织法》)三个宪法性文件(即“三大宪章”),在1949—1954年间共同发挥了宪法的重要作用。“三大宪章”从内容和作用来看更趋向于为宪法形式分类中的复合型宪法范畴,这和1954年宪法的形态有明显区别。针对1949—1954年我国宪法形态的变化,通过对宪法成文与否分类局限性的分析,引出更为符合这一时期我国宪法形态特点的复合与单一的宪法类型区分,进而为我国宪法形态演进相关研究提供一个新的视角。

The Chinese people’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)held in September 1949 adopted three constitutional documents:the common program of the CPPCC,the organic law of the Central People’s Government of the people’s Republic of China and the organic law of the CPPCC,which played an important role in 1949-1954 The category of compound constitution in the classification of constitutional forms is obviously different from that of 1954 Constitution.In this paper,the three constitutional documents promulgated in 1949 and the constitution of the people’s Republic of China promulgated in 1954 are classified as external forms,and then the differences between the compound and single constitution in the early stage of new China are explained.