论洪武年间的儒学发展与儒治理念——以儒生陈质军籍豁免为视角

Development of Confucianism and Confucianism Idea of Governing the Country during the Hongwu Period of the Ming Dynasty——From the Perspective of Confucian Scholar Chen Zhi’s Exemption of Military Status

明初,随着明朝政权的建立与巩固,作为最高统治者的朱元璋,着手对战争时期崇武轻文的统治政策进行改革。由此,朱元璋兴建学校、定科举程式,以文治国被提上国家日程。陈质作为洪武年间的一名潮州府学生员,其儒学生员与军籍人士双重身份的特殊性,使其在此时代背景下引起明太祖朱元璋的重视。朱元璋对于豁免儒生陈质军籍的支持,不仅是明初儒学发展过程的必然结果,更体现了明朝统治者自明初便不断发展的儒治理念,这对此后明朝历代君臣治理国家产生了重要影响。

In the early Ming Dynasty,with the establishment and consolidation of the regime of the Ming Dynasty,Zhu Yuanzhang,as the supreme ruler,had to reform the ruling policy of valuing military power and undervaluing literature during the war.Therefore,Zhu Yuanzhang established schools and established the imperial examination program,and the rule of the country by literature was put on the national agenda.As a student of the Chaozhou in the Hong Wu period,Chen Zhi attracted the attention of Zhu Yuanzhang because of his dual identity of Confucian student and military personage.Zhu Yuanzhang’s support for the exemption of the military status of the Confucian scholar Chen Zhi is not only the inevitable result of the development of Confucianism in the early Ming dynasty,but also reflects the rulers of the Ming dynasty’s continuous development of the concept of Confucian governance since the early Ming dynasty,which has had an important impact on the governance of the state by the successive emperors and ministers of the Ming dynasty.