“齐物”与“逍遥”:庄子对隐士的突破创新

“Qi Wu”and“Xiao Yao”:Chuang Tzu’s Breakthrough and Innovation in Hermit Culture

隐士是中国社会特有的一种文化现象。战国时代,随着社会环境的变化,隐士文化遭受到新的冲击,隐士群体的生存与价值都面临着接续与架构的危机。庄子作为战国时代著名的思想家,其本身也是一位著名的隐士,同其他隐士一道,面对生存困局,庄子由《齐物论》入手,通过万物、是非、生死三个方面的齐同,摆脱了隐士群体所面对的物质、思想以及个体形式的存在困局,实现“道通为一”。最终将隐士文化发展到一种以内在精神为主导的“逍遥游”,创造出了一种全新的隐士——陆沉之士。庄子所创造的这种全新隐士文化,是对原来儒家以道德价值为主导的隐士文化的突破与创新,对后世两千多年的隐士群体产生了深远的影响。

Hermit is a unique cultural phenomenon in Chinese society.During the Warring States period,with the change of social environment,hermit culture was under new impact,and the survival and value of hermit group were faced with the crisis of continuity and construction.Chuang Tzu,as a famous thinker and hermit as well at that time,faced the dilemma of survival as other hermits.Starting from Qi Wu Lun(On the Equality of All Things),Chuang Tzu got out of the dilemma of materials,thoughts and individual forms faced by the hermit group through the unification of everything,right and wrong and life and death,and realized“Tao unifies the world”(The philosophy of Lao Tseu and Chuang Tzu:Tao dominates all things,and all things submit to Tao,thus forming a natural and harmonious world).Finally,the hermit culture was developed into a kind of“Xiao Yao You”(Carefree Journey)dominated by a kind of inner spirit,creating a new hermit-Lu Chen hermit(Lu Chen:The land sinks without water,which is a metaphor for seclusion),which is the breakthrough and innovation of the hermit culture dominated by moral values in the original Confucianism,and it has had a profound impact on the hermit community for more than two thousand years in later generations.