《孝经大义》与《孝经刊误》——马一浮《孝经》学发微

Xiao Jing Da Yi and Xiao Jing Kan Wu--The Origin of the Study of Xiao Jing by Ma Yifu

在《孝经》学史上,朱子写作的《孝经刊误》无疑对《孝经》中的思想构成了重大质疑,其要者,有《圣治章》的“严父配天”之义,和《三才章》的文理窒碍之处。马一浮一面重视《孝经》,一面又尊崇朱子,因而回应《刊误》所作的质疑便成了《孝经大义》所需要完成的任务。这一回应实际又包含明暗两部分。在《略辨今古文疑义》章中,马氏正面回应了朱子对“严父配天”的质疑,谓其“谨严之过”,然又不足以病。至于朱子对《三才章》的质疑,马氏在《略辨今古文疑义》中并未提及,而根据对《释三才》一章的理解,马氏实际并不同意朱子的质疑。然或是出于对朱子的推崇,故其并未作出明示。马一浮作为学行最为近古的近代思想家,并致力于以六艺来接续中华文明之慧命,这样的尝试对加深理解马一浮的思想,或将是不无裨益的。

In the history of the study of Xiao Jing,Zhu Xi’s Xiao Jing Kan Wu undoubtedly poses questions about the thoughts presented in Xiao Jing,including the idea of“yan fu sheng tian”in the chapter of Sheng Zhi of Xiao Jing,which means that the virtue of honoring one’s father should not be higher than offering sacrifices to god,and there are problems with the contents of the article and the organization of the words and sentences in the chapter of San Cai of it.Ma Yifu,on the one hand,attaches great importance to Xiao Jing(The Book of Filial Piety)and respects Zhu Xi on the other,so responding to the queries raised by Zhu Zi in Xiao Jing Kan Wu has become the task of his Xiao Jing Da Yi.Zhu Xi’s questioning about the book actually contains two sides,the light side and the dark side.In the chapter Lue Bian Jin Gu Wen Yi Yi(A Brief Explanation to the Questioning about the Modern and Ancient Articles),Ma Yifu responds positively to Zhu Xi’s questioning,saying that his thought of“honoring one’s father”is not serious enough to be considered to be a big error.As for Zhu Xi’s questioning about the the chapter of San Cai,he did not mention it in Lue Bian JIn Gu Wen Yi Yi.While according to his understanding of the chapter Shi San Cai,he actually did not agree with Zhu Xi’s questioning.However,perhaps out of admiration for Zhu Xi,he did not make an explicit statement.Ma Yifu,as the most recent modern thinker in his studies,is committed to using the six classical arts to continue the wisdom of Chinese civilization.And such an attempt may be beneficial to a deeper understanding of Ma Yifu’s thoughts.