难以为继——张爱玲小说中怀旧 书写的退变

Disjointed Nostalgia:On the Regression of the Nostalgic Writing in Eileen Chang’s Novels

学界对张爱玲的怀旧问题不置可否,对其怀旧意义、身份和原因问题的解释也语焉不详。结合当代怀旧理论和认知图式视角重新审视其创作生涯,即便怀旧不是她最重要的主题,也是无法忽视的重要存在。其怀旧易被忽视,与其发育不全、又经历了一个由朦胧理想、到破碎鸡肋,再到碎片化的退变过程有关。环境和处境不利是其怀旧逐步退变的外因,而根本原因则在于她内在人格之间的彼此相克。由于前者,她不断遭遇各种断裂,建无可建;由于后者,她大部分时间的防御需求大于补偿需求,导致怀旧策略难以为继。因为发育不全,她的怀旧所建构出来的另类价值,或无法满足她的贵族审美品位,或无法通过现实的检验,所以提供不了一种可接受的理想身份。

There was neither unanimous cognition on the issue of nostalgia in Eileen Chang’s works,nor systematic explanations to meanings,identity embodied in and reasons for her literary nostalgia.Read from the latest research findings of nostalgia and cognitive schemata,nostalgia was an essential,if not the most important,theme in her novels.The reason why it was often neglected was related to both its incompleteness and regression that began with idealization to imperfection,and then to fragmentation.Though the unfavorable social and personal conditions were mainly responsible for the disintegration of her nostalgic schema,the fundamental reasons lay inside her conflicting personalities.Due to the former,she suffered successively various disconnectedness,while due to the latter,her needs for defending overwhelmed indisputably her needs for constructing and compensating,which led to the discontinuity of her nostalgic strategies.Without a complete nostalgic construct,her nostalgia found neither an alternative to the aristocratic taste rooted deeply in her mind,nor the discourse violence,nor an agreeable identity.