采煤活动对煤矿地下水化学特征的影响研究

Study on influence of coal mining activities on chemical characteristics of underground water in coal mines

采煤活动会影响天然水化学环境,改变地下水中的无机及有机水化学成分。以保德煤矿为研究区,采集地表水、地下水及矿井水,综合利用Piper图、Schoeller图、三维荧光光谱图,从无机与有机2个方面分析矿区水化学特征及受采煤活动的影响。研究结果表明,保德煤矿地表水、泉水和奥陶系灰岩水的水化学类型主要为HCO 3-Na和HCO 3-Ca,但位于滞留区的钻孔新鲜水化学类型为SO 4-Na和SO 4-Mg;位于弱径流区或滞留区的奥陶系灰岩水样K++Na+浓度大于径流区水样,而Ca 2+(Mg 2+)浓度则相反,主要受离子交换作用和采煤活动的影响。地表水和泉水中溶解性有机质类型主要为腐殖酸类物质,奥陶系灰岩水有机质类型主要为色氨酸和溶解性微生物代谢产物,主要是通过微生物产生的,而矿井水有机质类型为色氨酸、溶解性微生物代谢产物及腐殖酸,这是受采矿活动影响,奥陶系灰岩水流经煤层,将煤中的腐殖酸类物质溶滤形成矿井水。地表水中UV 254和TOC值较其他水样高,与地表河流中树叶等植物的腐化溶解有关,矿井水中UV 254和TOC较奥陶系灰岩水较高,与煤层中腐殖酸类物质的溶解有关。

Coal mining activities will affect the natural water chemical environment and change the inorganic and organic water chemical composition in groundwater.This paper studied hydrochemical characteristics and the influence of coal mining activities of Baode Coal Mine combing inorganic and organic characteristics.In order to conduct the research,surface water,underground water and mine water were collected and piper trilinear diagram,Schoeller graph and three dimensional fluorescence spectra were used.The results showed that surface water,spring water and Ordovician limestone water are of the HCO 3-Na and HCO 3-Ca and type.However,borehole fresh water from stranded area is of SO 4-Na and SO 4-Mg type.K++Na+concentration of Ordovician limestone water from weak runoff area or retention area is larger than that of catchment area,while Ca 2+(Mg 2+)concentration is just the opposite.This is mainly affected by ion exchange and coal mining activities.The types of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in surface water and spring are mainly humic acids.And types of dissolved organic matter in Ordovician limestone water are tryptophan and soluble microbial metabolites.Besides,DOM of mine water are tryptophan,soluble microorganism metabolites and humic acid,this is affected by coal mining.When the ordovician limestone flows through the coal seam,humic acids in the coal are dissolved and filtered to form mine water.The UV 254 and TOC value of surface water is larger than other water samples due to dissolution of leaves and other plants.And the UV 254 and TOC value of mine water is larger than Ordovician limestone water,this is related to dissolution of humic acids in coal seams.