五弦琵琶东传朝鲜半岛及其本土化研究

A Study on the Five-stringed Pipa’s Spread to the Korean Peninsula and Its Localization

有韩国学者认为朝鲜乡琵琶的原型是新罗本土的梨形琵琶,但中国五弦琵琶东传朝鲜半岛的事实毋容置疑,而且朝鲜时期的乡琵琶和中国五弦琵琶一样,都具有五弦、直颈、梨形的形制,只是乡琵琶在弦配置、演奏工具、柱制等方面明显受到朝鲜传统乐器玄琴的影响,演变成一种不同于中国五弦琵琶的乐器。朝鲜的这种乡琵琶虽然在15世纪逐渐消失于民间,但直到19世纪末还用于朝鲜宫廷音乐的演奏。

Some Korean scholars believe that a pear-shaped papa in the Silla Dynasty is the the prototype of the hyangpipa in the Joseon Dynasty.There is no doubt that China’s five-stringed pipa spread eastward to the Korean Peninsula and was called the hyangpipa in the Joseon Dynasty.Like the five-stringed pipa,the hyangpipa is also five-stringed,straight-necked and pear-shaped.But it was influenced by the geomungo,a six-stringed traditional Korean zither,in the aspects of string arrangement,playing tools and column system,and evolved into an instrument different from China’s five-stringed pipa.Although the hyangpipa gradually disappeared as a folk instrument after the 15^(th) century,it had been used in court music of the Joseon Dynasty until the end of the 19th century.