马冠状病毒感染:马的新发病毒性传染病

Equine Coronavirus Infection:an Emerging Viral Infectious Disease in Horses

马冠状病毒(equine coronavirus,ECoV)感染是马的新发胃肠道病毒病,成年马感染后的临床症状多表现为发烧、沉郁、厌食,偶尔可见腹痛和腹泻,幼年马常为无症状感染。日本、美国、巴西以及欧洲部分国家均有散发性病例的报道。初步流行病学研究证明,ECoV可通过粪—口途径传播,马因摄入被粪便污染的饲料和饮水而感染。通过临床表现、血液学异常(如白细胞减少)可作出初步诊断。通过荧光定量PCR(qPCR)在粪便中检出特异性ECoV核酸可作出确诊。由于大多数ECoV感染是自限性疾病,所以马通常在支持性治疗下康复。由于目前还没有可供使用的ECoV疫苗,因此该病预防仅限于基本的生物安全措施。本文通过综述ECoV的病原学、流行病学以及马感染的临床体征、诊断、病理、治疗和预防等内容,以期为该病的防控提供参考。

Equine coronavirus(ECoV)infection is an emerging gastrointestinal viral disease in horses,which shows clinical symptoms mainly including fever,depression,anorexia,occasionally abdominal pain and diarrhea in adult horses,but no any symptom in infected young horses.Sporadic cases have been reported in Japan,the United States,Brazil and some countries in Europe.It was verified that,by preliminary epidemiological investigation,ECoV could spread via the pathway of excrement-mouth,and thereby horses were infected through intake of feed and drinking water contaminated with excrement.The disease could be preliminary diagnosed according to its clinical symptoms and hematological abnormalities(such as leukopenia),and subsequently confirmed through detection of specific ECoV nucleic acids from excrement by fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR).Horses could usually recover under supportive treatment as most ECoV infection was self-limited.The prevention of the disease was limited to basic biosafety measures as no vaccine was available at present.For the purpose of supporting the prevention and control of the disease,the etiology and epidemiology of ECoV as well as the clinical symptoms,diagnosis,pathology,treatment and prevention were summarized in the paper.