餐余蚓粪替代化肥对白菜和西兰花光合、抗氧化性及品质的影响

Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by vermicompost from food waste on the photosynthesis,antioxidant capacity,and quality of Chinese cabbage and broccoli

为探讨餐余蚓粪部分替代化肥对设施白菜和西兰花生理特性、产量及品质的影响,采用田间大棚试验,以单施化肥(CF)和不施肥(CK)为对照,研究在等量养分条件下,餐余蚓粪(FVF)、猪粪蚓粪(PVF)、鸡粪有机肥(CMF)3种有机肥替代40%化肥(简称有机替代)对西兰花和白菜光合特性、抗氧化性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥(CF)相比,餐余蚓粪部分替代化肥能不同程度地提高白菜和西兰花的生长、光合作用、抗氧化酶活性与品质,且对产量影响较大。与CF相比,FVF处理白菜和西兰花叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率分别增加了15.56%、11.80%和25.52%、18.74%,白菜产量增加了22.45%,可溶性蛋白和维生素含量分别增加了220.26%和24.55%。研究表明,餐余蚓粪替代40%化肥可显著改善白菜和西兰花的生理特性、产量及品质,其效果优于猪粪蚓粪和鸡粪有机肥。

This study aimed to understand the effects of vermicompost from food waste on the physiological characteristics,yield,and quality of Chinese cabbage and broccoli in a greenhouse.The growth,photosynthesis,antioxidant enzyme activity,yield,and quality of broccoli and Chinese cabbage were analyzed after a partial substitution of the chemical fertilizer(CF)by three organic fertilizers(vermicompost from food waste,FVF;vermicompost from pig manure,PVF;and chicken manure,CMF)with equal amounts of nutrients under fumigation in a greenhouse experiment.The results showed that the growth,photosynthesis,antioxidant enzyme activity,and quality of cabbage and broccoli were improved by the partial vermicompost substitution with the CF,and the yield was greatly affected.Compared with the single application of CF,the partial substitution of CF with vermicompost from food waste could improve the growth,photosynthesis,antioxidant enzyme activity,and quality of cabbage and broccoli,and greatly affected the yield.Compared with CF,the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of Chinese cabbage increased by 15.56%and 11.80%,respectively,and increased by 25.52%,18.74%,respectively,in broccoli.The yield of Chinese cabbage increased by 22.45%,while the soluble protein and vitamin C content increased by 220.26%and 24.55%,respectively.In conclusion,a 40%substitution of vermicompost from food waste for CFs can significantly improve the growth,physiology,and quality of Chinese cabbage and broccoli,and its effect is better than that of vermicompost from pig manure and chicken manure.