重金属快速检测技术研究进展

Research progress on rapid detection methods of heavy metals

由于重金属在工农业生产中的应用越来越广泛,致使环境重金属污染日益严重.为应对减轻环境重金属污染和确保人体健康的需求,新型的重金属快速检测技术成为了研究热点.针对重金属传统检测技术的仪器昂贵、需专业操作人员、不易携带、程序繁琐和耗时较长等缺陷,多种具有快速、灵敏、准确、易携带、现场实时特点的重金属快速检测技术得到了快速发展.本综述首先简析了重金属污染现状以及重金属传统检测技术的种类和特点,详细总结了各种重金属快速检测技术的原理、研究进展、实际应用及其优缺点.结合对重金属离子的长期研究,利用重金属离子敏感菌株筛选螯合剂,对如何改进重金属快速检测方法中存在的灵敏性和专一性的不足等问题提出了新颖的改进方法.

Heavy metals are applied more and more extensively in industry and agriculture,resulting in increasing environmental pollution of heavy metals.In response to the necessity to reduce environmental heavy metal pollution and ensure human health,new rapid detection techniques for heavy metals have become research hotspot.In view of the limitations of traditional heavy metal detection techniques such as the necessity of expensive equipment,professional operators needed,not portable,complicated procedure and long time-consuming,a variety of fast,sensitive,accurate,portable and on-site rapid heavy metal detection techniques have been developed rapidly.This paper briefly analyzed the current situations of heavy metal pollution and the types and characteristics of traditional heavy metal detection techniques,then the principle,research progress,applications,merits and demerits of various heavy metal rapid detection techniques were summarized as well.Based on our long-term research on heavy metal metabolism,we developed novel methods to improve the sensitivity and specificity of rapid detection techniques for heavy metals using heavy metal sensitive bacterial strains to screen chelators.