声腔入黔及流播考三题

Three Questions of the Tune on Traditional Opera Entering Guizhou

明清文人观剧诗中,隐藏着大量的戏曲声腔流播信息。据此深入解析可知:其一,早在明代成化年间,贵州镇远就有弋阳腔或海盐腔南戏表演出现在文人士大夫的画堂氍毹之上,以此可窥早期南戏声腔在贵州的流播之一斑;其二,昆腔在明天启年间即已入黔,且主要流播于文臣武宦的幕府厅堂之上,以艺事的精妙满足缙绅阶层的欣赏要求,至于其与民间的联系,应该不会太多;其三,秦腔于明末清初入黔后,在乾隆年间即臻于兴盛,演出活动频繁,与昆腔的日渐式微恰成对照。

There are a lot of information about opera tune spread in the poems of literati in Ming and Qing Dynasties.According to the analysis,we can see the following points.First,as early as the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty,there are Yiyang opera or Haiyan opera performances in Zhenyuan,Guizhou Province.In this way,we can see the spread of early Nanxi tune in Guizhou.Secondly,Kunqiang opera was introduced into Guizhou during the reign of Tianqi Ming,and it was mainly spread in the halls of civil and military officials.Thirdly,Qin opera was prosperous in Qianlong after it entered Guizhou in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty.The performance activities were frequent,which was in contrast with the declining of Kunshan tune.