环境美学、伦理学与生态美学

Environmental Aesthetics,Ethics,and Ecoaesthetics

文章概述了在环境美学与环境伦理学之间建立联系的最新研究成果。作者回顾了几位著名环境哲学家和环境美学家的工作,指出要找出其中的联系面临诸多困难。尽管在人类创造和人类影响的环境范围内,我们能够为建立环境美学与环境伦理学之间的联系提供例证,然而在为自然或原始环境建立一种类似联系时却存在许多问题。文章考察了支撑这种联系的诸多研究,包括当代西方环境美学中关于自然审美的两种不同阐释,以及这两种阐释的结合,即有时谓之的“生态美学”。文章简述了两种西方生态美学学说,接着讨论了中国美学家们的研究,后者为一种更有力的生态美学学说辩护。尽管中国美学家们并未借助西方哲学家们讨论这种联系时所采用的方式,但是他们的工作或许能成功地将环境美学与环境伦理学连接起来。

This essay is an overview of recent research aimed at establishing a link between environmental aesthetics and environmental ethics.I review the work of several prominent environmental philosophers and environmental aestheticians,spelling out some of the difficulties confronting various attempts to find such a link.While I argue that a case can be made for a connection between environmental aesthetics and environmental ethics concerning human-created and human-influenced environments,I find that there are a number of problems facing attempts to establish a similar connection for natural or pristine environments.I examine some attempts to support such a connection,including each of two different accounts of the aesthetic appreciation of nature in contemporary Western environmental aesthetics as well as the union of these two accounts,sometimes called ecoaesthetics.I briefly discuss two Western versions of ecoaesthetics and then turn to research by Chinese aestheticians,who defend a more robust version of ecoaesthetics.I suggest that this latter work may succeed in connecting environmental aesthetics and environmental ethics,although not in exactly the way in which such a link has been pursued by Western philosophers.