生态诗学争论性话题之辨

Clarification of Controversial Topics on Ecological Poetics

当前的生态诗学术语中存在许多模糊不清的定义和理解,需要应用生态整体主义思想和主体间性原则,将其中一些极其相似、极易混淆却本质不同的关键字眼区分开来,如此才能使更多的人理解和接受生态思想。如“生态文学”与“生态保护”,生态文学中的“有我”与“无我”,“从人类的角度出发”与“人类中心主义”,人与自然的“交互主体性”与“为自然代言”,人的“主观能动性”与“破坏性”,面对自然时的“谦卑”与“自卑”,对自然的“敬畏”与“畏惧”和“崇拜”,“依赖自然”还是“利用自然”和“破坏自然”,万物“平等”还是“无区别”等等,这些术语长期被人误解混淆。因而在具体生态问题和现实事例上也就存在着更多实际的争议,包括:是否只有“素食主义”者才不违背生态伦理?“环境主义”(或“环保主义”)与“生态整体主义”有哪些本质区别?在商品经济造成的“土地危机”中土地的市场价值和生态价值应该如何抉择?“老虎悖论”即野生动物与人类社会之间的界限和冲突应当如何避免和处理?等等。在全球生态危机的严峻形势下,应当有更多的人明白和理解生态整体主义的内涵和重要性,也应当有更多人和国家践行维护生态整体的平衡、美丽、健康和可持续发展。

There are many ambiguous definitions and interpretations in the current terminology of ecological poetics.It is necessary to apply ecological holism and the principle of intersubjectivity to distinguish some keywords that are extremely similar,easily confused but different in nature so that more people can understand and accept ecological thought.Some terms have long been misunderstood and confused such as“ecological literature”and“ecological protection”,“self”and“non-self”in ecological literature,“from the perspective of mankind”and“anthropocentrism”,“intersubjectivity”between man and nature and“speaking for nature”,human’s“subjective initiative”and“destructiveness”,“humility”and“inferiority”when facing nature,“awe”,“fear”and“worship”of nature,“depending on nature”or“using nature”and“destroying nature”,“equality”or“indistinguishability”of all things in nature,etc.Therefore,there are more practical disputes on specific ecological issues and actual cases such as whether only“vegetarians”do not violate ecological ethics,what are the essential differences between“environmentalism”and“ecological holism”,in the“land crisis”caused by the commodity economy,what to choose between the market value and ecological value of the land,how to define and settle the boundary and conflict between wild animals and human society known as the“tiger paradox”,to name just a few.Faced with the severe situation of the global ecological crisis,more people should know and understand the connotation and importance of ecological holism,and more people and countries should practice maintaining the overall balance,beauty,health and sustainable development of the ecology.