低阿片化麻醉的临床研究进展

Research advances of clinical opioid‑sparing anesthesia

随着加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念的提出与舒适化医疗的践行,围手术期疼痛管理已成为一个日益重要的话题。麻醉医师在围手术期疼痛管理中起着举足轻重的作用,但同时也面临着三大挑战,即如何提供有效的镇痛治疗,如何预防阿片类药物的副作用以及如何避免药物滥用成瘾的问题。文章就近年来低阿片化麻醉在临床应用的研究进展进行综述,包括联合应用多种非阿片类镇痛药物及区域麻醉等技术形成一种新的复合型麻醉模式,有利于减少围手术期阿片类药物的使用量,从而减少相关不良反应。围手术期实现低阿片化麻醉将更趋于达到舒适化麻醉与镇痛,并进一步改善患者预后。

With the development of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)and the application of the comfortable medical treatment principle,perioperative pain management has become an increasingly attention topic.Anesthesiologists have played an essential role in perioperative pain management.However,anesthesiologists also faced three major challenges,which are how to provide effective analgesia,how to prevent the side effects of opioids,and how to avoid drug abuse addiction.In this review,we summarized the progress of clinical research on opioid‑sparing anesthesia as follows:A new‑multimodel anesthesia strategy of non‑opioid analgesics,regional anesthesia that helps to reduce the consumption of opioids as well as the related side effects.Perioperative opioid‑sparing anesthesia leads to achieve comfortable anesthesia and analgesia,which subsequently improve the prognosis of patients.