基于纳米材料的临床检验与诊断技术研究进展

Advances in clinical testing and diagnostic techniques based on nanomaterials

随着中国医疗卫生事业的发展,临床医学实践对体外诊断技术的灵敏性、检测限、分析速度等性能指标提出了越来越高的要求。在传统体外诊断技术日益无法满足需求的同时,结合纳米材料的高灵敏度、高分析速度等特点,基于纳米材料的体外诊断技术引起了越来越多的关注和研究。本文总结了常用的纳米材料,以及纳米金标记技术、纳米材料辅助PCR技术、纳米孔测序技术、生物条形码技术等的原理,以及它们在蛋白质或核酸体外检测分析中的应用,对基于纳米材料的临床检验与诊断技术进行介绍。

With the development of China’s medical and health undertakings,it puts forward higher requirements on the indicators of in-vitro diagnostic technique such as sensitivity,limit of detection and analysis speed. However,traditional in-vitro diagnostic techniques are increasingly unable to meet this certain requirement. In the meanwhile,nanomaterial-based in-vitro diagnostic techniques with high sensitivity and analysis speed has increasingly attracted the attention from researchers. In this review,we will introduce this area by summarizing commonly used nanomaterials and the basic principles of the nanomaterial-based methods including gold-nanoparticle-labeling techniques,nanoPCR,nanopore sequencing,bio-barcode assay,etc,as well as their applications in protein or nucleic acid in-vitro analysis.