夏季层叠式笼养鸡舍环境参数测定及分析

Mensuration and analysis of environmental parameters of the laminated caged chicken house in summer

为了优化规模化黄羽肉鸡笼养养殖模式,试验以南方地区(江苏省和广东省)3个规模化养殖场为研究对象,统计42~72日龄肉鸡的出栏均重、死淘率、平均耗料量、料重比,监测夏季黄羽肉鸡笼养鸡舍的平均温度、相对湿度、平均二氧化碳浓度、氧气含量和PM10颗粒物浓度,并对各个参数指标做相关性分析。结果表明:夏季舍内环境参数对鸡群生产性能有较大的影响,湿度过高增大了鸡群死淘率,较高的二氧化碳与PM10颗粒物浓度对鸡群料重比有一定影响;3个养殖场夏季舍内昼夜温度、相对湿度与氧气浓度变化较小;舍内晚上二氧化碳与PM10颗粒物浓度较高。夏季舍内温度与相对湿度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与二氧化碳浓度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);相对湿度与二氧化碳浓度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与PM10颗粒物浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。说明夏季鸡舍内环境参数变化明显,且晚上的空气质量较差,养殖管理应根据鸡群状态进行环境控制参数的调整,晚上加强通风。

In order to optimize the large-scale cage breeding model of yellow feather broilers,in this experiment,three large-scale breeding farms in southern China(Jiangsu Province and Guangdong Province)were taken as the research objects,and the average weight,dead-cleaning rate,average feed consumption and feed/gain ratio at the age of 42 to 72 days were counted,and the average temperature,relative humidity,average carbon dioxide,oxygen and PM10 concentration of yellow-feathered broiler cage in summer were monitored,and the correlation between the parameters was analyzed.The results showed that the environmental parameters in the house in summer have a greater impact on the performance of the chickens.The high humidity increased the mortality rate of chickens.The higher carbon dioxide content and PM10 have a certain impact on the feed/gain ratio of chickens.The difference in temperature,humidity and oxygen concentration between daytime and night was small;the contents of carbon dioxide and PM10 were high at night in chicken house.There were very significant negative correlation between house temperature and relative humidity(P<0.01),and a significant positive correlation between house temperature and carbon dioxide concentration in summer(P<0.01).There was a significant negative correlation between relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration(P<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between relative humidity and PM10(P<0.05).The results indicated that the environmental parameters in the house changed significantly in summer,and the air quality was poor at night.Breeding management should adjust the environmental control parameters according to the state of broilers,and strengthen ventilation at night.