基于节能贡献率的北方办公建筑设计策略研究

Design Strategies of Office Buildings in Northern China Based on the Energy-saving Contribution Rate

随着办公建筑规模总量及能源消耗的不断增长,办公建筑节能设计已成为建筑节能的重要一环。通过建立北方地区点式高层办公建筑典型模型及标准模拟方法,基于Grasshopper参数化平台,分别从场地与形体设计、空间设计、表皮设计、材料性能设计4个层级出发,对21个影响建筑性能的设计参量分别在寒冷地区以及严寒地区进行能耗模拟研究。结果表明,影响寒冷地区高层办公建筑全年能耗最大的设计参量为立面遮阳、开启扇比例、窗墙面积比;影响严寒地区高层办公建筑全年能耗最大的设计参量为外窗传热系数、外窗气密性、窗墙面积比。对于不同设计层级的综合节能潜力,寒冷地区的排序为:表皮设计>材料性能设计>空间设计>场地与形体设计;严寒地区的排序为:材料性能设计>表皮设计>空间设计>场地与形体设计。研究结果可为建筑师进行北方地区高层办公建筑的节能优化设计提供数据支撑及科学依据。

With the continuous growth of total scale and energy consumption of office buildings, the energy saving design of office buildings has become an important part of building energy conservation. Taking the high-rise office tower in northern China as the research object, standardized modeling and simulation were established. From four design levels, including the site and form design, space design, facade design, and material design, 21 design parameters influencing energy consumption were simulated in cold and severe cold region based on the parametric software Grasshopper. The results show that the most important design parameters that affect the energy consumption of high-rise office towers in cold region are facade shading, openable window ratio and window-to-wall ratio. While in severe cold region, the most important design parameters are the heat transfer coefficient of external windows, air tightness of external windows and window-to-wall ratio. As for the integrated energy saving potentials of different design levels, the ranking in cold region is facade design>material design>space design>site and form design;while in severe cold region, the ranking is material design>facade design>space design>site and form design. The results can provide data and scientific basis for architects to optimize the energy saving design of high-rise office buildings in northern China.