《西游记》女妖书写与道教全真化环节

The Writing of Banshee in Journey to the West and the Quanzhen Segment of Taoism

《西游记》在成书过程中存在道教全真化环节,这体现在涉及白骨夫人、地涌夫人与玉兔精三位女妖的相关书写之中。其中或频繁可见明显的丹道术语,或在女妖形塑中化用道教全真教的修行观念,或将修行过程形象化为波澜起伏的故事情节。小说中三打尸魔的情节与道教内修中斩三尸的过程极为相似";三尸"一词也常与"六贼"连用出现在全真道士的词作中,这是内丹修行的重要步骤。地涌夫人本身又名"姹女",这一专业内丹术语以较高的频次出现在回目、正文与韵文之中;女妖与孙悟空的交手过程也象征暗示着真铅伏汞的过程。"玉兔"亦属修炼术语;在道教全真教修行中,又常以月象之变化象征体内结丹的过程。

There are some relations between the process of writing Journey to the West and the Quanzhen segment of Taoism,which are also reflected in the related writing of three banshees,Lady White Bone,Mrs. Diyong and Jade rabbit. Among them,the obvious terms of Dan Taoism can be seen frequently,or the practice concept of Quanzhen Taoism can be used in the description of banshee,or the practice process can be visualized as a turbulent story. The plot of fighting Lady White Bone three times in the novel is very similar to the process of cutting three troubling spirits in Taoist internal cultivation. The word"three troubling spirits"is often used with"six thieves"in Quanzhen Taoist’s works,which is an important step of Inner Alchemy cultivation. Madame Diyong,also known as"Chanv",is a professional term of inner alchemy,and frequently appears in small topic,text and verse. The process of the encounter between the Banshee and the Monkey King also symbolizes the process of the real lead and mercury."Jade Rabbit"is also a term of cultivation. In the practice of Quanzhen Taoism,the change of moon image is often used to symbolize the process of alchemy within the body.