洪亮吉《北江诗话》诗学观及其诗歌呈现

Poetics and Presentation of Hong Liangji’s Beijiang Poetry

洪亮吉素有深厚中国传统文化情结,尤其注重弘扬《诗经》比兴的优良传统,注重诗教作用。在乾嘉时期诗派纷呈的诗坛上,其诗论专著《北江诗话》能够别具慧眼,独出机杼,提出有别于沈德潜"格调说"、袁枚"性灵说"、翁方纲"肌理说"等新人耳目的诗学观,主要体现在诗歌创作要具有"性""情""气""趣""格"五字要素。洪氏所论之"格",即为反对一味讲究格律之作法,要有真性情,真趣味。在五字要素的基础上,洪氏又提出了诗歌创作颇为周全的"性情""学识""品格"三位一体的诗学观。而这些观点则于自己的诗作中得到很好的体现,力证其诗学观的准确性与可行性。总之,洪氏的《北江诗话》守正出新,持论公允,颇合诗歌艺术的审美需求与发展规律,是清代诗论园地难能可贵、别具魅力的一株诗学奇葩,不仅对清代诗歌创作具有积极的导引与促进作用,而且在中国诗学理论发展史上占有一席重要地位。

Hong Liangji always has a close affinity with traditional Chinese culture,especially with attention to carrying forward the fine tradition of The Book of Songs and poetry teaching. In Qianlong-Jiaqing period,the poetry book Beijiang Poetry put forward poetics different from ones ofShen Deqian,Yuan Mu and Weng Fanggang,which mainly stressed that poetry creation should prioritize "disposition","emotion","Qi","enjoyment"and"form". Hong’s theory of"form"is to oppose the practice of paying attention to rules blindly, and to have true temperament and pleasure. In addition, Hong also came up with a comprehensive poetics view of"disposition","knowledge"and"character". These views are well reflected in his poems,which strongly prove the accuracy and feasibility of his poetics. Generally speaking,Hong’s the Beijiang Poetry keeps up with the new and provides impartial points in accordance with aesthetic demandand the development patterns of poetry. Meanwhile,it is a rare and charming poetics flower in the garden of poetry theory in the Qing Dynasty,which not only plays a positive role in guiding and promoting the creation of poetry in the Qing Dynasty,but also earns a place in the history of Chinese poetics theory.