从“人性”的描绘到“哀歌”的鸣奏——沈从文小说《萧萧》1930年初刊本与1936年再刊本对读

From the Depiction of“Human Nature”to the Sounding of “Lamentations”——A Comparative Reading of the Early 1930 and 1936 Editions of Xiao Xiao

《萧萧》的初刊本与再刊本在文辞句式,人物身份、形象、人物关系,故事结构,文体特征,叙事重心,主题思想等方面均存在不同程度的差异,具有不同的文本本性,其中关乎着不同时期的沈从文在语言艺术、写作姿态、价值立场、认知观念、文体特征等方面的变化。初刊本中,沈从文是节制的,遵守着客观的立场,尽自己的"观察、理解"描绘一幅不同于都市人的乡下人之人性画像。再刊本中,沈从文介入文本,以童养媳为叙事焦点,揭露了乡村社会中落后、粗鄙的伦理观和价值观,并且对乡下人和乡村社会及都市投以忧思和批判,既有的诗性和后入的"哀歌"在小说内部形成多股冲突和张力。由是,应该认为它们彼此具有独立的意义,而不能忽视版本差异,更不能彼此代替。

The initial and republished editions of Xiao Xiao differ in lexical and grammatical expressions,character identity and relationships,story structures,stylistic features,narrative focus,and thematic ideas. These are related to Shen Congwen’s changes in language,writing attitude,value stand,cognitive concept and stylistic characteristic. In the first edition,Shen Congwen was temperate,abiding by the objective position and using his own"observation and understanding"to paint a portrait of the humanity of a countryman different from a urban man. In the second edition,Shen Congwen intervened in the text,focusing on the child bride’s narrative,revealing the backward and crude ethics as well as values in rural society,and casting worries and criticisms on the rural people,the rural society and the city. The existing poetic and later-day"Lamentation"form multiple conflicts and tensions within the novel. Therefore,they should be considered to have independent meanings with each other. The differences in editions cannot be ignored,and the first editions should not be replaced by the reissues.