自闭症儿童汉语名词词汇发展特征研究

Research on the Development Characteristics of Chinese Nouns in Children with ASD

名词被认为是学习语言的开端,已有部分研究发现汉语儿童词汇发展存在"名词倾向"现象,那么自闭症儿童名词词汇发展如何,与典型发展儿童是否存在差异,尚无研究涉及。为此,本研究分别选取自闭症儿童和典型发展儿童各28名,采用词汇理解、词汇表达、词汇合成、词汇联想四个测试任务,对自闭症儿童名词词汇发展进行研究。发现:自闭症儿童名词词汇发展与典型发展儿童依然存在明显差距,具体表现为词汇表达弱于词汇理解、词汇语义缺陷明显。研究结论对自闭症儿童的语言干预有如下启示:首先,在临床诊断和干预中,应关注自闭症儿童词汇表达方面的异常;其次,扩充词汇语义表征,促进词汇表达和词汇理解共同发展;再次,借助表达优先的干预方法,实现自闭症儿童语言运用能力的提升。

Nouns have been believed to be the starting point of language learning.It is worth mentioning that noun bias has been widely recognized in Mandarin-Chinese.However,whether children with autism also follow the rule of"noun bias"and how different about the development of noun vocabulary between autistic children and typical development children.In light of this,this study selected 28 ASD children as control group and 28 typical development age-matched children as matched group to study the development of autistic children’s noun vocabulary.Four test tools were used to measure their receptive vocabulary knowledge,expressive vocabulary knowledge,combination of morpheme,and word association.It was found that there was a significant gap between autistic children and typical developing children in terms of noun development.Notably,children with ASD displayed weaker abilities in expressive vocabulary than in receptive vocabulary,and had significant lexical semantic defect.The results of the study has implications for language intervention of children with ASD.First,in clinical diagnosis and intervention,attention should be paid to autistic children’s abnormal vocabulary expression.Second,the semantic representation of words should be expanded to promote receptive and expressive vocabulary development.Finally,utilizing the intervention method of expression-first,the pragmatic competence of children with ASD can be improved.