不同能量和蛋白质水平日粮对豪猪生长性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响

Effects of different energy and protein levels on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and economic benefits of porcupine

旨在研究不同能量和蛋白质水平日粮对豪猪生长性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响。试验设计采用2×2双因素随机设计,选取3月龄体重相近的豪猪60头,公母各30头,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,饲喂不同能量和蛋白饲粮,分别为对照组(18.54 MJ/kg, 13.96%,原场饲喂粮)、试验组Ⅰ组(16.25 MJ/kg, 15%)、Ⅱ组(16.25 MJ/kg, 16%)、Ⅲ组(17.5 MJ/kg, 15%)和Ⅳ组(17.5 MJ/kg, 16%)。试验期共67 d,其中预饲期7 d,正试期60 d。结果:4个试验组平均日增重均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),饲粮的能量和蛋白水平对豪猪的生产性能不存在交互作用(P>0.05),提高饲料的能量水平可极显著提高豪猪的平均末重和平均日增重(P<0.01),对豪猪的料重比也有显著提高(P<0.05);血清中的尿素氮含量试验组Ⅳ显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其余组间差异不显著(P>0.05);4个试验组血清中的谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶含量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。饲粮的能量和蛋白水平对尿素氮存在交互效应(P<0.05),但对总蛋白、白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶不存在交互效应(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与对照组相比,每千克增重饲料成本分别降低了37.2%、38.88%、44.01%和44.86%,且差异极显著(P<0.01);饲粮的能量与蛋白水平对豪猪的经济效益不存在交互作用(P>0.05),提高饲粮的能量水平可显著提高饲粮的经济效益(P<0.05),提高饲粮的蛋白质水平对豪猪的经济效益无显著影响(P>0.05)。本试验表明:饲粮总能水平为17.5 MJ/kg、蛋白水平为16%(Ⅳ组)时,豪猪的生产性能和经济效益最佳且血清生化指标较其他组表现更好。

This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different energy and protein levels on the growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and economic benefits of porcupine.Based on a 2×2 two factor random design,603-month-old porcupines,half of them male and half female,were randomly assigned into five groups with three replicates per group.The energy and protein levels of the five groups were:the Control Group:18.54 MJ/kg,13.96%,the original feed on the farm;GroupⅠ:16.25 MJ/kg,15%;GroupⅡ:16.25 MJ/kg,16%;GroupⅢ:17.5 MJ/kg,15%;and GroupⅣ:17.5 MJ/kg,16%;respectively.The experiment lasted for 67 days including a 7-day pretest period and a 60-day formal test period.The results showed as follows:(1)The average daily weight gain of the GroupsⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣwas significantly higher than that of the Control Group(P<0.01),respectively.There was no energy×protein interaction in the production performance of the porcupines.Their average terminal body weight,average daily gain(P<0.01)and feed to gain ratio(P<0.05)were significantly increased with the increasing energy level.(2)The serum urea nitrogen in the Group IV was significantly higher than that in the Control Group(P<0.05),and the differences in this respect among the other groups were not significant(P>0.05).The serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the four test groups were significantly lower than those in the Control Group(P<0.01).An energyxprotein interaction was observed on the urea nitrogen in the anim als.However,there were no energyX protein interaction on their total protein,album in,alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the Control G roup,the feed cost per kg body weight gain in the four test groups were significantly decreased by 37.2%,38.88%,44.01%,and 44.86%(P<0.01),respectively.There was no energyxprotein interaction on the economic benefits of the porcupines.Increasing the energy level of the diet significantly improved the economic benefits of the diet(P<0.05),but increasing the protein level of the diet had no significant effect on the economic benefits of porcupines.In conclusion,when the total dietary energy level and the protein level were 17.5 MJ/kg and 16%in Group IV,production performance and economic benefits of the tested porcupines were the best,and the blood biochemical levels of the group performed better than that of the other groups.