大气颗粒物重金属组分的化学形态及健康效应

Chemical speciation and health effect of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter

大气颗粒物是大气主要污染物之一,因其污染范围广、污染程度重、健康危害大,已在世界范围内引起了广泛关注.如何准确预测大气颗粒物的生物效应和健康风险是大气污染控制领域的热点和难点问题.大气颗粒物中的重金属组分是其产生毒性效应的主要原因,而重金属在人体肺部中的生物可利用性和毒性效应受其化学形态的影响显著,无法通过重金属总量进行预测.本文总结了大气颗粒污染物重金属组分的化学形态分析现状以及健康效应表征方法,并阐述了大气颗粒物重金属化学形态及其转化对健康效应的影响,为科学评估大气污染健康风险、有效建立大气污染毒性源筛查和管控方法提供理论基础.

Atmospheric particulate matter(PM)is a main airborne pollutant,which has severely endangered human health and caused serious concern worldwide.How to effectively predict the toxicity and health risk of PM has been the focus of research on air pollution control.Heavy metals are the major toxic components of PM.The bioavailability and toxic effects of heavy metals in human lung are significantly affected by the metal speciation,and thus cannot be accurately predicted by the total content of heavy metals.This review summarized the recent advances in the characterization methods of the chemical speciation and health effects of the heavy metal components of PM,as well as the influence of the chemical speciation and transformation of PM-associated heavy metals on the health risks of PM.This information will help to establish predictive models for health risk analysis of air pollution,and provide insights into the identification and management of the toxicity sources.