妊娠期糖尿病发病机制的研究

Study on the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus

妊娠期糖尿病是指女性在妊娠期首次发生或发现的糖代谢异常,对母婴健康均具有显著影响,为2型糖尿病高危因素之一,但是其病因目前尚未明确。妊娠期糖尿病易导致不良妊娠结局形成,妊娠易导致胰岛素抵抗加重,导致糖尿病并发症发生,比如视网膜病变或肾病等等。糖尿病孕妇易出现多种并发症,比如羊水过多、巨大儿、胎儿生长受限、低血糖、高血压和感染等。因此了解妊娠期糖尿病发病机制对该病的预防、诊断及治疗均具有重要意义。本文主要对妊娠期糖尿病发病机制的研究进行相关综述。

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)refers to abnormal glucose metabolism in women during pregnancy for the first time,which has a significant impact on the health of both mothers and infants.GDM is one of the high risk factors for type 2 diabetes,but its etiology is not yet clear.Gestational diabetes tends to lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes,and pregnancy tends to aggravate insulin resistance,leading to diabetic complications,such as retinopathy or kidney disease.Pregnant women with diabetes are prone to a variety of complications,such as hyperhydramnios,macrosomia,fetal growth restriction,hypoglycemia,hypertension,and infection.Therefore,it is of great significance to understand the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of this disease.This article mainly reviews the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus.