元语用视域下说话人意图的表达与推理

A metapragmatic perspective on the expression and inference of the speaker’s intention

交际的过程是说话人意图表达与推理的过程,话语意义的理解与交际意图密切相关。意图是抽象的心理意向,话语意义是它的载体,语词和句法结构是它的表征方式。因此,说话人意图是形式和内容的统一体,不仅包括“被交际的是什么”,还包括“如何使交际实现”。但语用学对说话人意图的研究更多关注交际内容和传递的信息(即所含),而常忽略对意图表征形式选择的研究。对意图表征形式的研究是“关于意图的意图”的研究,是关于如何传递意图内容的研究,属于元语用层面。说话人不同类别的元语用意识调控和管理意图的表征形式主要体现在元认知意识、元表征意识和元交际意识方面。本文拟从元语用意识角度分析说话人意图的表达与推理,以加深我们对话语意义、意图和交际互动的理解。

Communication involves the expression and inference of the speaker’s intention.The understanding of meaning is closely related to the speaker’s intention.Although intention is a mental construct,the utterance meaning is the carrier of the speaker’s intention and the lexical-syntactic structures are the forms of representation.Therefore,the speakers’intention is the unity of contents and forms,which includes not only‘what is communicated’,but also‘how communication is achieved.’However,most studies on intention are concerned about the transmission of content and information,that is,what is communicated.The study on the representational forms of intention has often been overlooked,which is about how to express the content of intention.The study on‘intention about intention’belongs to the study of language use on metapragmatic level.The speaker’s metapragmatic awareness including metacognitive awareness,metarepresentational awareness and metacommunicative awareness manipulates and controls the forms of representation for expressing intention.This article aims to analyze the expression and inference of the speaker’s intention from metapragmatic perspective in order to further understand the relation between intention,meaning and interaction.