新型肥料对大蒜生长和品质的影响

Effects of new fertilizer on the growth and quality of garlic

为了减少大蒜生产中化学肥料施用量,达到科学施肥目的,分析了新型肥料对大蒜生长和品质的影响。以金乡白皮大蒜为试验材料,研究了常规追施尿素(CK)、大量元素水溶肥料(T1)、大量元素水溶肥料+有机叶面肥(T2)对大蒜植株生长势、蒜头产量及品质的影响。结果表明,大蒜株高、开展度、叶长、叶宽、叶片数、假茎高、游离氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量及蔗糖含量均表现为T2>T1>CK;可溶性蛋白含量T2处理最大,而T1处理和CK相同;硝酸盐含量则表现为T2<T1<CK。与CK相比,T1、T2处理平均鲜蒜头质量较CK分别增加了12.89%和23.48%,平均干蒜头质量较CK分别增加了13.58%和27.25%。综上所述,施用大量元素水溶肥料和有机叶面肥增强了大蒜植株的生长势,显著增加了鲜蒜头和干蒜头产量,降低了鲜蒜头硝酸盐含量,提高了大蒜营养品质指标含量。从蒜头产量和品质的提升效果来看,T2处理效果最好,达到了减肥、增产及提高品质的目的。

In order to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer in garlic production and achieve the goal of scientific fertilization,the effects of new fertilizer application on the growth and quality of garlic were analyzed.Three experimental treatments were set including urea(CK),water soluble macroelement fertilizer(T1)and water soluble macroelement fertilizer combined with organic foliar fertilizer(T2),Jinxiangbaipi garlic was used as the experimental material.The results indicated that the ranking of plant height,degree of plant development,leaf length,leaf width,leaf number,false stem height,free amino acid content,soluble sugar content and sucrose content of garlic were T2>T1>CK.The soluble protein content of T2 treatment was the highest,while T1 treatment was as same as CK.In addition,the contents of nitrate were T2<T1<CK.Compared with CK,the quality of fresh garlic treated with T1 and T2 were increased by 12.89% and 23.48% respectively,and those of dried garlic were increased by 13.58% and 27.25%,respectively.In conclusion,under the application of water soluble macroelement fertilizer and water soluble macroelement fertilizer,the plant growth potential was enhanced,the yield of fresh garlic and dry garlic were significantly increased,the nitrate content of fresh garlic was decreased,and the content of nutrition quality index of garlic was improved.According to the improvement of the yield and quality of garlic,T2 treatment was found the best effect,which acquired the purpose of reducing fertilizer use,increasing production and improving quality.