4种水田高留茬搅浆埋茬平地机对比试验研究

A Comparative Study of Four High Crop Stir and Stir Burial Flats in Northeast China

为研究水田高留茬搅浆埋茬平地机工作部件对作业效果的影响,以便为后期机具的工作部件设计加工提供参考,通过农机市场调研,找到4种常用的水田高留茬搅浆埋茬平地机。将这4台平地机具挂接在相同型号的拖拉机上,在相同作业条件下,以灭茬率、稻秆分布均匀性、平整度为作业效果评价指标,以压茬刀辊带动方式、平地拖板控制方式、压茬刀轴上的刀型、搅浆部与压茬部连接方式作为对比,进行对比试验。试验结果表明:压茬刀辊以拖拉机动力输出轴为动力源的机型在作业后稻秆在地表8cm以下的分布含量占总含量的57.89%,以液压马达为动力源的机型平均为34.54%,平地拖板由液压油缸控制的机型作业后平整度标准差为2.43,预紧弹簧控制的平地拖板的机型作业后平整度标准差平均为3.63,压茬刀型为旋转曲形弾齿的水田高留茬搅浆埋茬平地机作业后灭茬率平均达到93.93%,而以直橡胶结构刀型的机型灭茬率为85.38%;搅浆部与压茬部连接方式不影响作业效果。在试验结果的基础上,通过柱状图柱体高度对各个机型作业效果进行评价,简单分析了相关作业机理,可为水田高留茬搅浆埋茬平地装备研制中关键部件设计提供参考。

In order to study the effect of the working parts of the high-retaining stubble stirring laminate machine on the operation effect,in order to provide a reference for the design and processing of the working parts of the later machinery,the four commonly used high-remaining stubble laminate machines are found through the agricultural machinery market research.In the same working conditions,the working effect evaluation index is the stubble elimination rate,the uniform distribution of rice stalks,and the smoothness.The comparison test is carried out with four parts:the driving method of the cutter roller,the control method of the flat support board,the knife type on the cutter shaft,the mixing section of the agitating part and the pressing part.The test results show that the distribution content of rice poles below the surface of 8 cm after operation is close to 60%of the total content,and the model powered by hydraulic Motors is 35%,Therefore,the use of the tractor's power output shaft as the power source of the cutter roller is better than the hydraulic motor as the power source;the standard deviation of flatness plate controlled by hydraulic cylinder is about 2.5 after operation,and the standard deviation of flatness plate controlled by pre-tightening spring is 3.6 after operation.Therefore,flatness tray is controlled by hydraulic cylinder.Better than pre-tightening spring control;The stubble elimination rate after the operation of the high-retaining stubble mashing laminator in the paddy field with a rotary curved tooth is about 95%,and the stubble reduction rate of the model with a straight rubber structure knife is 85.38%.Therefore,the pressure stubble knife is better than the straight rubber structure knife.The connection mode between the agitating part and the pressing part does not affect the working effect.Based on the results of the experiment,the working effect of each model was evaluated by the height of the cylinder,and the related working mechanism was simply analyzed,which provided a reference for the design of key parts in the development of the high remaining stubble mixing and burying equipment in paddy fields.