拖拉机转向梯形优化设计

Optimization Design of Tractor Steering Trapezoid Mechanism

拖拉机转向梯形的设计关乎拖拉机在转向时的操纵性和安全性。为此,通过对转向梯形工作原理的分析建立了优化模型,并针对模型的求解,提出了一种改进的实数遗传算法。算法采用基于向量旋转的交叉方式进行父代个体交叉,并使用多种变异方法组合的方式进行变异,提高了算法的效率和精度。为了验证算法可行性和有效性,选取了某中小功率农用轮式拖拉机对其转向梯形进行了优化设计,结果表明:算法计算结果更加精准,有效减小了转向机构理论与实际运动轨迹的误差,优化效果理想。

The design of the tractor steering trapezoid affects the steering performance and safety when the tractor is turning.In this paper,a mathematical model is established by analyzing the working principle of steering trapezoid,then,an improved real-code genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the model.The way of cross is based on lane vector rotation.and combinatorial variation is used to improve efficiency and accuracy of the genetic algorithm in this real-coded genetic algorithm.Finally,in order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the impoved genetic algorithm,the optimization problems for one tractor are given;the results show that the impoved genetic algorithm possesses more accurate results,the error between actual and theoretic trajectories of vehicle steering trapezoid mechanism is reduced effectively,the effect of optimization is ideal.