基于教学做合一理论的“一流”本科教学改革探论

Discussion on the Reform of“First-class”Undergraduate Teaching Based on the Theory of Integration of Teaching,Learning and Doing

“双一流”建设需要“一流”本科教学支撑。根据“双一流”建设高校H大学化工专业工程教育专业认证自评报告,当前,本科教学中仍存在教学方法单一、理论教学灌输多而启发少、实践教学参观多而参与少、总结性评价多而形成性评价少等问题。究其缘由,则在于教与学行为施动者对主体地位认识不明,在教、学、做认识上存在差异,重视教师教授知识的数量而轻视学生学习内化的质量,忽视实践教学环节对培养创新性人才的重要性,导致教、学、做分离,严重影响人才培养质量。而陶行知先生教学做合一理论中蕴藏的注重教学方法、彰显学生主体地位、促进教师专业发展、强调行思并重等内涵,对探讨当前“一流”本科教学改革路径来说,具有重要价值。应从转变教学观念、丰富教学内容、注重教学方法、加强实践教学及完善教学评价体系等方面多举措并举,推进“一流”本科教学改革。

“Double first-class”construction needs“first-class”undergraduate teaching to support.According to the engineering education professional certification self-evaluation report of Chemical Engineering in a“double-class”construction university H,we can know that,at present,there are still some problems in undergraduate teaching,such as single teaching method,more theoretical teaching indoctrination but less inspiration,more practical teaching visits but less participation,and more summative evaluation but less formative evaluation.The reason lie in the unclear understanding of main status between teachers and students,different understanding about teaching,learning and doing,emphasis on the quantity of teacher’s knowledge impartment rather than the internalized quality of student’s learning,and neglecting the importance of practice teaching in cultivating innovative talents,which lead to the separation of teaching,learning and doing,and seriously affect the cultivation of high-level and high-quality talents.However,the connotation of Tao Xingzhi’s theory of integration of teaching,learning and doing,such as paying attention to teaching methods,highlighting students’dominant position,promoting teachers’professional development and emphasizing on the unity of knowledge and practice,is of great value to explore the current“first-class”undergraduate teaching reform path.Measures should be taken from the aspects of transforming teaching concept,enriching teaching content,focusing on teaching method,strengthening practical teaching and perfecting teaching evaluation system,so as to boost the“first-class”undergraduate teaching reform.