起重机臂架再生式自适应落幅技术仿真研究

Simulation study on regenerative self-adaptive descending technology of crane boom

起重机臂架的动力落幅系统,存在能耗高、易抖动的问题,而其重力落幅系统则存在臂架特定状态下的落幅速度慢、变幅液压缸易吸空等问题,同时,现有的重力落幅系统还需要独立的控制油源。文中提出了一种再生式自适应平衡阀落幅技术,并基于国内某型起重机产品的臂架系统,利用AMESim仿真软件平台,建立了完整的仿真模型。通过相关模型仿真研究,其通过顺序阀把变幅液压缸小腔与平衡阀控制腔隔开,产生压差来确保了平衡阀芯落幅时的稳定开启,以消除动力落幅时的臂架抖动;设置单向阀再生通道,实现重力落幅状态下的变幅液压缸大腔液压油再生利用、消除小腔吸空现象;并通过再生单向阀检测其前后压差及自动启闭,以适应起重臂落幅的不同工况,实现动力落幅与重力落幅两种状态的自动平稳切换,所有技术优势均得到了进一步的仿真验证。文中提出的落幅技术无需独立的控制油源,适用性更广。

There are several problems in the power descending system of crane booms,such as high energy consumption and easy shaking,while its gravity descending system has some problems too,such as slow descending speed and easy air suction of the luffing cylinder,and the existing gravity descending system needs to be equipped with an independent control oil source.A regenerative self-adaptive balance valve descending technology was proposed.Based on the boom system of a domestic crane,a complete simulation model was established by using AMESim simulation software platform.Related model simulation researches show that the small chamber of the luffing cylinder was separated from the control chamber of the balance valve by the sequence valve,so that the pressure difference was generated,which ensured that the balance valve core can be opened stably when it descends,so as to eliminate boom jitter during power descending;a one-way valve regeneration channel was arranged to realize the regeneration and utilization of hydraulic oil in the large cavity of the luffing cylinder under the gravity descending state and eliminate the suction of the small cavity;In addition,the pressure difference before and after was detected by the regenerative one-way valve and automatically opened and closed,so as to adapt to different working conditions when the boom descends,and realize the automatic and smooth switching between the power descending and the gravity descending.All technical advantages were further verified by simulations.Because there is no need to equip an independent control oil source,the descending technology proposed in this paper has a wider application range.