联合国应对新冠疫情全球治理的挑战与展望

The UN's response to the challenges and prospects of COVID-19 global governance

新冠肺炎疫情在世界各地的肆虐暴露了联合国在国际合作与全球治理中的短板与缺陷,严重冲击了联合国全球治理能力的领导性和权威性。尽管作为全球治理最为重要的多边机制,联合国各专门机构积极致力于新冠肺炎疫情防控。然而,资源配置失当、理念与实践脱节以及全球与区域联动失序造成联合国在全球“抗疫”中的表现乏善可陈,各国重新回到国家主义的框架。因此,联合国要重塑其在后疫情时代的领导地位,预防边缘化和空心化的趋势,应当在以下方面有所创新和作为:一是改革原有制度设计、提升预防体系与能力,形成应对非传统安全的系统性理念、机制与能力;二是深化联合国与地区性国际组织的合作,加强各专门机构之间的协同配合,搭建资源配置与信息共享的网状平台;三是积极推动大国战略竞争的缓和,充分利用各种渠道营造“谈判场”与“缓冲地”,以多边促双边,降低大国围绕抗疫展开的“脱钩”和责任转嫁现象。

The ravages of COVID-19 around the world have exposed the shortcomings and shortcomings of the United Nations in international cooperation and global governance, seriously undermining the leadership and authority of the United Nations in global governance.Despite being the most important multilateral mechanism for global governance, UN specialized agencies are actively committed to COVID-19 prevention and control. However, due to the improper allocation of resources, the disconnection between ideas and practice, and the disorder of global and regional interaction,the UN’s performance in the global "fight against the epidemic" is not good enough, and countries have returned to the framework of nationalism. Therefore, the United Nations should innovate and act in the following ways to restore its leadership in the post-epidemic era and prevent marginalization and hollowing out: First, we need to reform the design of existing systems, improve prevention systems and capabilities, and develop a systematic approach, mechanism and capability to address non-traditional security challenges;Second, deepen cooperation between the United Nations and regional international organizations, strengthen coordination among specialized agencies, and build a network platform for resource allocation and information sharing;Third, we should ease strategic competition among major countries, make full use of various channels to create "negotiation fields" and "buffer zones", promote bilateral relations through multilateral means, and reduce the phenomenon of "decoupling" and shifting responsibilities among major countries in the fight against the epidemic.